Union Public Service Commission will administer and conduct SCRA 2015 Exam on behalf of the Indian Railways for the recruitment of Special Class Railway Apprentice (SCRA) in Mechanical Department of Indian Railways for four years of apprenticeship. The Exam of SCRA 2015 will take place on 18th January 2015. The candidates who are willing to apply for SCRA 2015 can do so now by visiting the UPSC website as the online registration is open till 7th November 2014.
SCRA 2015 is a written examination which aims to check the knowledge of the candidates in the subjects or areas namely- English proficiency, General Knowledge, Physics, Chemistry and Mathematics. Candidates who have registered themselves to appear in the SCRA Exam are provided exhaustive details of the SCRA 2015 Syllabus in the following article.
SCRA 2015 Syllabus is a detailed synopsis which enlists all the topics that are covered under the subjects to be asked in the examination. The candidates should refer the syllabus to start with their preparation as it will help them prepare in an organized way. Knowing the syllabus for the examination is an important pre-requisite to prepare effectively and to make you aware of the pattern and the structure of the exam.
The candidates are advised to first refer to the exam pattern and then refer to the SCRA 2015 Syllabus.
SCRA 2015 Exam Pattern
- Paper I – General Ability Test (English, General Knowledge, and Psychological test ) – 2 hours – 200 marks
- Paper II – Physical Science (Physics and Chemistry) – 2 hours – 200 marks
- Paper III – Mathematics – 2 hours – 200 marks
Like the SCRA 2015 Exam, the syllabus is also segregated in the sections as follows-
- SCRA 2015 Syllabus- English
The questions in this section will aim to test the understanding and command of the candidates in the English language. You are advised to practice for Reading Comprehensions, Grammatical questions, Spotting Errors, Sentence rearrangement, fill in the blanks etc.
- SCRA 2015 Syllabus- General Knowledge
The General Knowledge sections aims to test the general knowledge of the candidates with respect to their surroundings, the national and the international environment.
- Man and his environment –
Evolution of life, plants and animals, heredity and environment-Genetics, cells, chromosomes,genes. Knowledge of the human body-nutrition, balanced diet,substitute foods, public health and sanitation including control of epidemics and common diseases. Environmental pollution and its control. Food adulteration, proper storage and preservation of food grains and finished products, population explosion, population control. Production of food and raw materials. Breeding of animals and plants, artificial insemination, manures and fertilizers, crop protection measures, high yielding varieties and green revolution, main cereal and cash crops of India. Solar system and the earth. Seasons, Climate, Weather, Soil—its formation, erosion. Forests and their uses. Natural calamities cyclones, floods, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions. Mountains and rivers and their role in irrigation in India. Distribution of natural resources and industries in India. Exploration of under—ground minerals including Oil Conservation of natural resources with particular reference to the flora and fauna of India.
- History, Politics and Society in India –
Vedic, Mahavir, Buddha, Maurya, Sunga, Andhra, Kushan. Gupta ages (Mauryan Pillars, Stupa Caves, Sanchi, Mathura and Gandharva Schools, Temple architecture, Ajanta and Ellora). The rise of new social forces with the coming of Islam and establishment of broader contacts. Transition from feudalism to capitalism. Opening of European contacts. Establishment of British rule in India. Rise of nationalism and national struggle for freedom culminating in Independence. Constitution of India and its characteristic features—Democracy, Secularism, Socialism, equality of opportunity and Parliamentary form of Government. Major political ideologies—Democracy, Socialism, Communism and Gandhian idea of non-violence. Indian political parties, pressure groups, public opinion and the Press, electoral system. India’s foreign policy and non-alignment-Arms race, balance of power. World organisation — political, social, economic and cultural. Important events (including sports and cultural activities) in India and abroad during the past two years.
- Broad features of Indian social system —
- The caste system, hierarchy — recent changes and trends. Minority social institution — marriage, family, religion and acculturation. Division of labour, co-operation, conflict and competition, Social control reward and punishment, art, law, customs, propaganda, public opinion, agencies of social control — family, religion, State educational institutions; factors of social change— economic, technological, demographic, cultural; the concept of revolution. Social disorganisation in India — Casteism, communalism, corruption in public life, youth unrest, beggary, drugs, delinquency and crime, poverty and unemployment.
- Social planning and welfare in India, community development and labour welfare; welfare of Scheduled Castes and Backward Classes.
- Money — Taxation, price, demographic trends, national income, economic growth.
- Private and Public Sectors; economic and non-economic factors in planning, balanced versus imbalanced growth, agricultural versus industrial development; inflation and price stabilization, problem of resource mobilisation. India’s Five Year Plans.
- SCRA 2015 Syllabus- Physics
- Length measurements using vernier, screw gauge, spherometer and optical lever.
- Measurement of time and mass.
- Straight line motion and relationships among displacement, velocity and acceleration.
- Newton’s Laws of Motion, Momentum, impulse, work, energy and power.
- Coefficient of friction.
- Equilibrium of bodies under action of forces. Moment of a force, couple. Newton’s Law of Gravitation. Escape velocity. Acceleration due to gravity.
- Mass and Weight; Centre of gravity, Uniform circular motion, centripetal force, simple Harmonic motion.
- Simple pendulum.
- Pressure in a fluid and its variation with depth. Pascal’s Law. Principle of Archimedes.
- Floating bodies, Atmospheric pressure and its measurement.
- Temperature and its measurement. Thermal expansion, Gas laws and absolute temperature. Specific heat, latent heats and their measurement. Specific heat of gases.
- Mechanical equivalent of heat. Internal energy and First law of thermodynamics, Isothermal and adiabatic changes. Transmission of heat; thermal conductivity. Wave motion; Longitudinal and transverse waves. Progressive and stationary waves, Velocity of sound in gas and its dependence on various factors. Resonance phenomena (air columns and strings).
- Reflection and refraction of light. Image formation by curved mirrors and lenses, Microscopes and telescopes. Defects of vision.
- Prisms, deviation and dispersion, Minimum deviation. Visible spectrum.
- Field due to a bar magnet, Magnetic moment, Elements of Earth’s magnetic field.
- Dia, para and ferromagnetism.
- Electric charge, electric field and potential, Coulomb’s Law.
- Electric current; electric cells, e.m.f. resistance, ammeters and voltmeters. Ohm’s law; resistances in series and parallel, specific resistance and conductivity. Heating effect of current. Wheatstone’s bridge, Potentiometer.
- Magnetic effect of current; straight wire, coil and solenoid electromagnet; electric bell.
- Force on a current-carrying conductor in magnetic field; moving coil galvanometers; conversion to ammeter or voltmeter.
- Chemical effects of current; Primary and storage cells and their functioning, Laws of electrolysis.
- Electromagnetic induction; Simple A.C. and D.C. generators. Transformers, Induction coil, Cathode rays, discovery of the electron, Bohr model of the atom. Diode and its use as a rectifier.
- Production, properties and uses of X-rays.
- Radioactivity; Alpha, Beta and Gamma rays. Nuclear energy; fission and fusion, conversion of mass into energy, chain reaction.
- SCRA 2015 Syllabus- Chemistry
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
- Atomic structure; earlier models in brief. Atom as at three dimensional models. Orbital concept. Quantum numbers and their significance, only elementary treatment. Pauli’s Exclusion Principle. Electronic configuration. Aufbau Principle, s.p.d. and f. block elements. Periodic classification only long form. Periodicity and electronic configuration. Atomic radii, Electro-negativity in period and groups.
- Chemical Bonding, electro-valent, co-valent, coordinate covalent bonds. Bond Properties, sigma and Pie bonds, Shapes of simple molecules like water, hydrogen sul- phide, methane and ammonium chloride. Molecular association and hydrogen bonding.
- Energy changes in a chemical reaction. Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions. Application of First Law of Thermodynamics, Hess’s Law of constant heat summation.
- Chemical Equilibria and rates of reactions. Law of Mass action. Effect of Pressure, Temperature and concentration on the rates of reaction. (Qualitative treatment based on Le Chatelier’s Principle). Molecularity; First and Second order reaction. Concept of Energy of activation. Application to manufacture of Ammonia and Sulphur trioxide.
- Solutions: True solutions, colloidal solutions and suspensions. Colligative properties of dillute solutions and determination of Molecular weights of dissolved substances. Elevation of boiling points. Depressions of freezing point, osmotic pressure. Raoult’s Law (non-thermodynamic treatment only).
- Electro-Chemistry: Solution of Electrolytes, Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis, ionic equilibria, Solubility product. Strong and weak electrolytes. Acids and Bases (Lewis and Bronstead concept). PH and Buffer solutions.
- Oxidation — Reduction; Modern, electronics concept and oxidation number.
- Natural and Artificial Radioactivity: Nuclear Fission and Fusion.
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Uses of Radioactive isotopes. Inorganic Chemistry Brief Treatment of Elements and their industrially important compounds:
- Hydrogen: Position in the periodic table. Isotopes of hydrogen. Electronegative and electropositive character. Water, hard and soft water, use of water in industries, Heavy water and its uses.
- Group I Elements: Manufacture of sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride.
- Group II Elements: Quick and slaked lime. Gypsum, Plaster of Paris. Magnesium sulphate and Magnesia.
- Group III Elements: Borax, Alumina and Alum.
- Group IV Elements: Coals, Coke and solid Fuels, Silicates, Zolitis semi-conductors. Glass (Elementary treatment).
- Group V Elements. Manufacture of ammonia and nitric acid. Rock Phosphates and safety matches.
- Group VI Elements. Hydrogen peroxide, allotropy of sulphur, sulphuric acid. Oxides of sulphur.
- Group VII Elements. Manufacture and uses of Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine and Iodine, Hydrochloric acid. Bleaching powder.
- Group O. (Noble gases) Helium and its uses.
- Metallurgical Processes: General Methods of extraction of metals with specific reference to copper, iron, aluminium, silver, gold, zinc and lead. Common alloys of these metals; Nickel and manganese steels.
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Tetrahedral nature of carbon, Hybridisation and sigma pie bonds and their relative strength. Single and multiple bonds. Shapes of molecules. Geometrical and optical isomerism.
- General methods of preparation, properties and reaction of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes, Petroleum and its refining. Its uses as fuel. Aromatic hydrocarbons: Resonance and aromaticity. Benzene and Naphthalene and their analogues. Aromatic substitution reactions.
- Halogen derivatives: Chloroform, Carbon Tetrachloride, Chlorobenzene, D.D.T. and Gammexane.
- Hydroxy Compounds: Preparation, properties and uses of Primary, Secondary and Tertiary alcohols, Methanol, Ethanol, Glycerol and Phenol, Substitution reaction at aliphatic carbon atom.
- Ethers; Diethyl ether.
- Aldehydes and ketones: Formaldehyde, Acetaldehyde, Benzaldehyde, acetone, acetophenone.
- Nitro compounds amines: Nitrobenzene TNT, Anilline, Diazonium Compounds, Azodyes.
- Carboxylic acid: Formic, acetic, benzoic and salicylic acids, acetyl salicylic acid.
- Esters: Ethyl acetate, Methyl salicylates, ethyl benzoate.
- Polymers: Polythene, Teflon, Perpex, Artificial Rubber, Nylon and Polyester fibers.
- Non-structural treatment of Carbohydrates, Fats and Lipids, amino acids and proteins – Vitamins and hormones.
- SCRA 2015 Syllabus- Mathematics
- Algebra :-
Concept of a set, Union and Intersection of sets, Complement of a set, Null set, Universal set and Power set, Venn diagrams and simple applications. Cartesian product of two sets, relation and mapping — examples, Binary operation on a set examples. Representation of real numbers on a line. Complex numbers: Modulus, Argument, Algebraic operations on complex numbers. Cube roots of unity. Binary system of numbers, Conversion of a decimal number to a binary number and vice-versa. Arithmetic, Geometric and Harmonic progressions. Summation of series involving A.P., G.P., and H.P. Quadratic equations with real co-efficients. Quadratic expressions: extreme values. Permutation and Combination, Binomial theorem and its applications.
Matrices and Determinants: Types of matrices, equality, matrix addition and scalar multiplication – properties. Matrix multiplication — non-commutative and distributive property over addition. Transpose of a matrix, Determinant of a matrix. Minors and Cofactors. Properties of determinants. Singular and non-singular matrices. Adjoint and Inverse of a square-matrix, Solution of a system of linear equations in two and three variables-elimination method, Cramers rule and Matrix inversion method (Matrices with m rows and n columns where m, n < to 3 are to be considered).Idea of a Group, Order of a Group, Abelian Group. Identity and inverse elements Illustration by simple examples.
- Trigonometry :-
- Addition and subtraction formulae, multiple and sub-multiple angles. Product and factoring formulae.
- Inverse trigonometric functions — Domains, Ranges and Graphs. DeMoivre’s theorem, expansion of Sin n0 and Cos n0 in a series of multiples of Sines and Cosines.
- Solution of simple trigonometric equations. Applications: Heights and Distance.
- Analytic Geometry (two dimensions):
- Rectangular Cartesian. Coordinate system, distance between two points, equation of a straight line in various forms, angle between two lines, and distance of a point from a line. Transformation of axes. Pair of straight lines, general equation of second degree in x and y — condition to represent a pair of straight lines, point of intersection, angle between two lines. Equation of a circle in standard and in general form, equations of tangent and normal at a point, orthogonality of two circles. Standard equations of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola — parametric equations, equations of tangent and nor- mal at a point in both Cartesian and parametric forms.
- Differential Calculus: Concept of a real valued function — domain, range and graph. Composite functions, one to one, onto and inverse functions, algebra of real functions, examples of polynomial, rational, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Notion of limit, Standard limits – examples. Continuity of functions – examples, algebraic operations on continuous functions. Derivative of a function at a point, geometrical and physical interpretation of a derivative – applications. Derivative of sum, product and quotient of functions, derivative of a function with respect to another function, derivative of a composite function, chain rule. Second order derivatives. Rolle’s Theorem (statement only), increasing and decreasing functions. Application of derivatives in problems of maxima, minima, greatest and least values of a function.
- Integral Calculus and Differential equations :
Integral Calculus:-
Integration as inverse of differential, integration by substitution and by parts, standard integrals involving algebraic expression, trigonometric, exponential and hyperbolic functions. Evaluation of definite integrals-determination of areas of plane regions bounded by curves – applications.
Differential equations:-
Definition of order and degree of a differential equation, formation of a differential equation by examples. General and particular solution of a differential equation, solution of first order and first degree differential equation of various types – examples. Solution of second order homogeneous differential equation with constant co-efficient.
- Vectors and its applications :-
Magnitude and direction of a vector, equal vectors, unit vector, zero vector, vectors in two and three dimensions, position vector. Multiplication of a vector by a scalar, sum and difference of two vectors, Parallelogram law and triangle law of addition. Multiplication of vectors — scalar product or dot product of two vectors, perpendicularity, commutative and distributive properties. Vector product or cross product of two vectors. Scalar and vector triple products. Equations of a line, plane and sphere in vector form – simple problems. Area of a triangle, parallelogram and problems of plane geometry and trigonometry using vector methods. Work done by a force and moment of a force.
- Statistics and probability :
Statistics:-
Frequency distribution, cumulative frequency distribution – examples. Graphical representation – Histogram, frequency polygon – examples. Measure of central tendency – mean, median and mode. Variance and standard deviation – determination and comparison. Correlation and regression.
Probability:-
Random experiment, outcomes and associated sample space, events, mutually exclusive and exhaustive events, impossible and certain events. Union and Intersection of events. Complementary, elementary and composite events. Definition of probability: classical and statistical – examples. Elementary theorems on probability – simple problems. Conditional probability, Bayes’ theorem – simple problems. Random variable as function on a sample space. Binomial distribution, examples of random experiments giving rise to Binomial distribution.
Entrance Exam 